Conditional Operators, Increment/Decrement and Bitwise perators

Conditional Operators
Operator	Usage	Description
? :	(Condition)?(Expr 1):(Expr 2);	Condition will be tested and if it is true then expression 1 will be evaluated, if the the condition is false then expression 2 will be executed.

Notes

• Conditional operator is a ternary operator as because it takes 3 operands.
• Conditional operator is used for making decisions. A test condition is evaluted and if it is true then the expression or value immediately follows the ? will get executed, and if the condition is false, then expression or value after the : will get executed.

Increment/Decrement Operators
Operator	Use	Description
++ (Increment)	i++ or ++i	Increment the value of i by 1. If the value of i is 1, then after execution of i++, value of i will be 2.
-- (Decrement)	i-- or --i	Decrement value of i by 1.

Notes

• Increment and Decrement operators are unary operators and which takes only one operand
• Increment/Decrement operator can be used in place where we need to increment the value of an operand by one. For example i=i+1 can be replaced with i++, similary i-- can be used instead of i=i-1
• These operators can take two forms : Post increment/Post decrement and Pre increment/Pre decrement. If an increment/decrement operator is used before the variable then it is pre increment/pre decrement operator and if it is written after the variable then it is called post increment/post decrement.
• The difference between the pre and post operator occurs when it is used in an expression. In pre incrementing/pre decrementing the value of the variable is incremented/decremented first and then new value is taken with the expression. In post incrementing/decrementing, the value of the variable is incremented/decremented only after evaluation of execution. So the current value of variable will be used with the expression and after its execution the value will be incremented or decremented

Assignment/Short hand Operators
Operator	Usage	Description
= (Assignment)	a=5; b=i+10;	Used to assign the value to a variable. Value 5 will be assigned to a and likewise resultant value of the expression i+10 will be assigned to b.
+=	a+=2;	Short hand assignment operation. Value 2 will be added with a and the result stored in a and is similar to the expression a=a+2.
-=	a-=b;	Subtract b from a and store the result in a, similar to a=a-b.
*=	a*=a;	Square the value of a and store it in a (a=a*a).
/=	a/=2;	Divide a by 2 and store the quotient in a (a=a*2).
%=	a%=b;	Find the remainder of the operation a/b and store the remainder in a (a=a%b).

Notes

• +=,-=, *=, /=, %= is also known as short hand operators.

Bitwise Operators
Operator	Meaning	Description
& (Bitwise AND)	A & B	It will check the binary values of A and B, and result will be 1 corresponding bit positions of both the binary values are 1 otherwise it will be 0. For example : 01011 & 11010 => 01010
| (Bitwise inclusive OR)	A | B	Bit value is set to 1 if either binary bit values are 1 or if any one bit is 1, otherwise it will be set to 0. For example : 01011 | 11010 => 11011
^ (Bitwise exclusive OR)	A ^ B	Bitwise exclusive OR operator sets a 1 in each bit positions where its operands have different bits, if the bit values are same then it will set a 0. For example : 01011 ^ 11010 => 10001
~ (1's complement)	~A	Produces 1's complement of an integer, this operator Will invert bit values. 1' complement operator will change the bits 0 to 1 and 1 to 0. For example : ~01011 => 10100
<< (Left shift)	A << B	Shift bits of A by B distance to the left, shifted bits will be lost and vaccated least significant bits will be filled with 0's .
>> (Right shift)	A >> B	Shift bits of A by B distance to the right, shifted bits will be lost and vaccated most significant bits will be filled with 0's .

Notes

• Bitwise operators make C unique in high level languages, and this is because C is known as high level language with low level features.